Négation, interrogation et accord spécificateur-tête

Dans cet article, je propose, dans un premier temps, des explications concernant certaines asymétries entre constructions négatives et constructions interrogatives qui paraissent problématiques pour les différentes analyses qui préconiseraient le déplacement des quantificateurs négatifs en Forme Logique, réaffermissant ainsi la proposition de plusieurs chercheurs à l’effet qu’il existe un parallèle étroit entre constructions interrogatives et constructions négatives. Ceci m’amènera, dans un deuxième temps, à traiter des phrases négatives à interprétation écho. Nous verrons que ces constructions ont des propriétés syntaxiques et distributionnelles semblables à celles des questions écho, parmi lesquelles on compte la propriété de pouvoir contenir le quantificateur dans des positions qui sont généralement réfractaires au déplacement.In this article, I begin by proposing an account of some apparent asymmetries between interrogative and negative constructions which appear, at first sight, problematic for movement analyses of sentence negation, therefore allowing us to retain the widely accepted view that there is a parallel between the two types of constructions. This will lead me to discuss a lesser known variety of negative sentences, i.e. echo negative sentences. It will be shown that these constructions share a number of syntactic and distributional properties with echo wh-questions, among which the ability to allow quantifiers to appear in contexts which generally block overt movement

Acquisition of French adjectives in Quebec French as revealed by elicitation data

This study presents data from an elicitation study on French size and color adjectives in noun phrases (DPs), both early acquired structures. Thirty-two francophone children aged 3–5 years participated in the study. Adjectives were elicited using specially designed puzzles and spontaneous speech corpora. We observed that errors in French variable adjectives are produced in the early acquisition stages, especially in the context of feminine colour DPs. We propose that the source of difficulty for feminine variable adjectives is the retrieval of a lexicalized form that competes with the masculine adjective denoting the same concept

Partitivity, atomization, and noun-drop : a longitudinal study of french child

This article examines noun-drop constructions in French-speaking children. French being interme- diate between English (which rarely allows noun-drop) and Spanish (which freely allows it) with respect to the richness of their respective morphological systems, it provides a fertile testing ground for various agreement-based analyses of noun-drop. We conclude, along with Snyder, Senghas, & Inman (2001) that agreement is not a factor in the licensing of these constructions. Moreover, limitations on the occurrence of this phenomenon (i.e., not all adjective types allow it) in French lead us to propose that semantic, rather than syntactic, factors are responsible for noun-drop in French, i.e., partitivity and atomization (in the sense of Bouchard 2002). This in turn assigns the determiner a more important role than had previously been assumed in the licensing of noun- drop. Ultimately, our analysis illustrates how child language can be used to discriminate between competing analyses of a given syntactic process

Palatalization in the Russian verb system: a psycholinguistic study

In this paper, we present experimental data on the processing of loanwords and nonce words that focuses on morphonological alternations in Russian. This study addresses the issue of how stem allomorphy involving palatalization of the velar/palatal and dental/palatal types in the Russian verb system is processed in adults. Processing of morphonological alternations is shown to be quite variable (and probably unproductive) and to depend, on the one hand, on the distribution of allomorphs within the verb paradigm, and on the other hand, on verb class productivity. We hypothesize that these differences should be reflected in child language acquisition

The Biolinguistics of Autism: Emergent Perspectives

This contribution attempts to import the study of autism into the biolinguistics program by reviewing the current state of knowledge on its neurobiology, physiology and verbal phenotypes from a comparative vantage point. A closer look at alternative approaches to the primacy of social cognition impairments in autism spectrum disorders suggests fundamental differences in every aspect of language comprehension and production, suggesting productive directions of research in auditory and visual speech processing as well as executive control. Strong emphasis is put on the great heterogeneity of autism phenotypes, raising important caveats towards an all-or-nothing classification of autism. The study of autism brings interesting clues about the nature and evolution of language, in particular its ontological connections with musical and visual perception as well as executive functions and generativity. Success in this endeavor hinges upon expanding beyond the received wisdom of autism as a purely social disorder and favoring a “cognitive style” approach increasingly called for both inside and outside the autistic community

De la inserción de servicios integrales de consultoría de Colombia en mercados internacionales

Al usual comercio de bienes tangibles en las transacciones internacionales, como consecuencia del fenómeno de la globalización, se viene sumando en forma creciente el comercio global de servicios. Dentro de los que se comercializan a nivel internacional se destacan los de consultoría en desarrollo organizacional, específicamente en los sistemas de gestión normalizados. Este documento aborda la reflexión y consideraciones frente al fenómeno de la globalización en la consultoría internacional. Se describe inicialmente el tema de la consultoría y su desarrollo en Colombia; posteriormente, se tratan los efectos sociales de la globalización cuando se comercializan los servicios de consultoria, y se concluye con una reflexión sobre los sistemas de gestión normalizados y los impactos sociales que conlleva la globalización de estos sistemas de gestión

L'accord de l'adjectif chez les enfants francophones avec un trouble spécifique du langage

En dépit du fait que l’étude de la production du syntagme nominal puisse fournir des données riches sur les phénomènes d’accord et de concordance, cette structure demeure peu étudiée. L’étude rapportée ici décrit l’accord intra-nominal, - c’est-à-dire l’accord en genre et en nombre entre les différents éléments qui composent le syntagme nominal (déterminant, nom, adjectif) - chez huit enfants francophones avec un trouble spécifique du langage (TSL) et des enfants témoins appariés selon l’âge, le niveau de langage, ou les capacités mnésiques. Quatre tâches induisent la production de noms de couleurs et de syntagmes avec des adjectifs de grandeur ou de couleur. Malgré l’absence de difficultés apparentes à dénommer les couleurs et les syntagmes avec des adjectifs de grandeur, les enfants TSL présentent plus de difficultés que les témoins à produire les adjectifs variables dans le genre approprié au syntagme nominal. Ces résultats suggèrent des difficultés de vérification de l’accord.Although the study of noun phrase production can provide us with a wealth of information on concord, this structure is quite rarely studied. We present a production study for nominal concord – that is, gender and number agreement between the different elements in a noun phrase (determiner, noun, adjective) - in eight French-speaking children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and their age-, language- and memory-matched controls. Fours tasks elicit color words and noun-phrases with color or size adjectives. Despite the fact that children with SLI do not present major difficulties in naming colors or size nouns-phrases, children exhibit more difficulties than controls in producing variable adjectives in gender agreeing with the noun phrase. This suggests that these children have concord verification difficulties.A pesar de que el estudio de la producción del sintagma nominal proporcione datos interesantes sobre la concordancia, esta estructura ha sido muy poco estudiada. Presentamos un experimento sobre la producción de la concordancia intra-nominal – es decir la concordancia entre los elementos del sintagma nominal (determinante, nombre, adjetivo), - en ocho niños francófonos con trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL) apareados con niños con desarrollo típico, según la edad, el nivel de lenguaje o las capacidades mnémicas. Cuatro actividades elicitan la producción de palabras de color y de sintagmas nominales con adjetivos de tamaño y de color. Los niños con TEL no muestran dificultades evidentes en la denominación de colores ni en los sintagmas nominales de tamaño, pero presentan más dificultades que los niños típicos en la producción de adjetivos variables con el género apropiado al sintagma nominal. Los resultados sugieren que estos niños tienen dificultades en la verificación de la concordancia